The Crucible A Play in Four Acts Essay Example

The Crucible: A Play in Four Acts Paper Thou shalt not bear false witness. [He is stuck. He counts back on his fingers, knowing one is missing. ] Thous shalt not make unto thee any graven image You have said that twice, sir. (page 67) Speakers: John Proctor and Reverend Hale Irony: Situational Explanation: When Hale asked Proctor to recite the 10 commandments, he literally forgot that adultery is a commandment, considering his affair with Abigail being a prime example of adultery and the fact that he forgot to recite it. We are given to understand that at one time you dismissed your servant, Abigail Williams Why did you dismiss Abigail Williams? She dissatisfied me. [Pause. ] And my husband. (page 112) Speakers: Judge Danforth and Elizabeth Proctor Irony: Dramatic Explanation: The reader already knows that John has confessed to adultery, but Elizabeth doesnt so she lies to protect his reputation, which has already been ruined. l have seen marvels in this court. I have seen people choked before my eyes by spirits; I have seen them stuck by pins and slashed by daggers (page 91) Speaker: Judge Danforth Explanation: The fact that the audience already knows that all of these marvels ave been made up by Abigail and Danforth doesnt, so he believes her. A fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! (page 119-120) Speaker: John Proctor Irony: Verbal Explanation: Proctor is saying that the court, not the accused, is doing the work of the devil in refusing to even consider that the girls are lying to him. Oh, Mary, this is a black art to change your shape. No, I cannot, I cannot stop my mouth; Its Gods work I do. (page 115) Speaker: Abigail Williams Explanation: Abigail is lying when she says that shes doing Gods work; shes doing he devils work by forcing the other girls to lie to everyone about the presence of witchcraft in the town. Do that which is good, and no harm shall come to thee. (page 95) Speaker: John Proctor Explanation: Since that which is good means lying in this case , harm will definitely come because the Puritans believe that lying puts separation between a person and The contessions themselves nave an element ot situational irony because they accomplish the complete opposite of what they appear to. The innocently accused who are honest and refuse witchcraft will die, and the accused who confess, even if heyre lying, will live In her life, sir, she have never lied. There are them that cannot sing, and them that cannot weep my wife cannot lie. (page 1 1 1) Speaker: John Proctor Irony: Cosmic Explanation: Proctor is speaking of his wife, Elizabeth, who, he claims, is incapable of lying, yet on the very next page, she lies to Danforth in saying that she fired Abigail because she dissatisfied Proctor and her. All Abby wants in the end is for John to love her and want to be with her, yet it is her own actions that lead to his death Irony: Cosmic/Situational We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible: A Play in Four Acts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible: A Play in Four Acts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible: A Play in Four Acts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The Crucible Essay Essays - Literature, Creativity, Film

The Crucible Essay Essays - Literature, Creativity, Film The Crucible Essay It is a play with tremendous feelings with many inside twists hidden in the archives of the true story. It is a play with emotional feelings, feelings of anger, hate, evil, manipulation, good, and pureness. It is the The Crucible. In the play, Arthur Miller develops the idea that powerfully held beliefs direct peoples behaviour, Abigail Williams who accuses others to escape from punishment, Mary Warren who chooses to lie to keep herself out of trouble, and John Proctor who chooses to sacrifice his life to save the lives of other innocent people. Arthur Miller develops Abigail Williams as an evil character. She tempts Proctor into lechery, and come its illegal acts which all are against the Puritan religion. To escape punishment for dancing, she deflects the actions and blames them on someone else, and does not care how many lives she destroys. Later when she grows into power and influence, she seems to enjoy sending these innocent people their deaths. She also uses evil actions disguised as good by admitting who was with the devil, She sends her spirit on me in church; she makes me laugh at prayer! (P.44) Obviously the people she accuses are actually innocent, but she has the ability to manipulate Judge Danforth into believing that she is doing the right thing and telling the truth. Mary Warrens intentions at the beginning of the story were to do good and justice. But she sees that when she is in trouble, she also needs someone to deflect the punishment on. This greed results in her saying that John Proctor was associated with Satan, and that he possessed her and made her do all of wrong actions, You are the Devils man! Ill not hang with you! I love God, I love God.(P.118) Her intentions were first good, but then her actions turned into evil, just like Abigail Williams. John Proctor is the protagonist in the play. He is a hero at the end of the play, when he falsely admits that he was with Satan all a long. He then refuses to tell the judge and accuse anyone of being with Satan too like Abigail did. Therefore he may be considered a hero, for dying for a cause of saving the lives of other innocent people. John Proctor also tries to defend his wife, and attempts to make the judge realize how Abigail Williams is manipulating him. In conclusion, Arthur Miller develops the idea that powerfully held beliefs direct peoples behaviour. The forces of good always tried to do what was the best for everybody, even if it meant breaking some Puritan laws. The evil group did whatever was best for themselves. They were greedy, and had no consideration of others. Bibliography english and Social Studies Department

The Crucible Essay Essays - Literature, Creativity, Film

The Crucible Essay Essays - Literature, Creativity, Film The Crucible Essay It is a play with tremendous feelings with many inside twists hidden in the archives of the true story. It is a play with emotional feelings, feelings of anger, hate, evil, manipulation, good, and pureness. It is the The Crucible. In the play, Arthur Miller develops the idea that powerfully held beliefs direct peoples behaviour, Abigail Williams who accuses others to escape from punishment, Mary Warren who chooses to lie to keep herself out of trouble, and John Proctor who chooses to sacrifice his life to save the lives of other innocent people. Arthur Miller develops Abigail Williams as an evil character. She tempts Proctor into lechery, and come its illegal acts which all are against the Puritan religion. To escape punishment for dancing, she deflects the actions and blames them on someone else, and does not care how many lives she destroys. Later when she grows into power and influence, she seems to enjoy sending these innocent people their deaths. She also uses evil actions disguised as good by admitting who was with the devil, She sends her spirit on me in church; she makes me laugh at prayer! (P.44) Obviously the people she accuses are actually innocent, but she has the ability to manipulate Judge Danforth into believing that she is doing the right thing and telling the truth. Mary Warrens intentions at the beginning of the story were to do good and justice. But she sees that when she is in trouble, she also needs someone to deflect the punishment on. This greed results in her saying that John Proctor was associated with Satan, and that he possessed her and made her do all of wrong actions, You are the Devils man! Ill not hang with you! I love God, I love God.(P.118) Her intentions were first good, but then her actions turned into evil, just like Abigail Williams. John Proctor is the protagonist in the play. He is a hero at the end of the play, when he falsely admits that he was with Satan all a long. He then refuses to tell the judge and accuse anyone of being with Satan too like Abigail did. Therefore he may be considered a hero, for dying for a cause of saving the lives of other innocent people. John Proctor also tries to defend his wife, and attempts to make the judge realize how Abigail Williams is manipulating him. In conclusion, Arthur Miller develops the idea that powerfully held beliefs direct peoples behaviour. The forces of good always tried to do what was the best for everybody, even if it meant breaking some Puritan laws. The evil group did whatever was best for themselves. They were greedy, and had no consideration of others. Bibliography english and Social Studies Department

Book Summary On Presentation Of Self

Book Summary On Presentation Of Self Introduction The presentation of oneself is based on the observation of an individual through comparing the life of him and the other people. Because of that inspiration of determining the revolutions that are found in the society, the roles and relationships that are found can affect the value of an individual and the idea on how he can describe himself from other people. Due to the intensive curiosity of an individual in life and his environment, there are studies that stress out the possible explanation on how to describe the changes in the earnest way. Various sociological models and approaches were presented to show the connection of the man in his environment. The interaction of the people in the social life is presented by the Erving Goffman in his dramaturgical model that attempts to see the society in a lighter sense. The Key Ideas Erving Goffman prepared the key ideas behind the discussion on the values wherein the ideas in theorizing the social roles and relations that ar e present in the contemporary society. According to the book of Goffman, the individual performs a certain role, which varies according to their audience. Those individuals as actors have an intention in manipulating the role that they play for the purpose of managing others impressions of them. Usually, this occurs through the interaction of the individuals in their everyday life. Since the society presents the interactions that usually matters with the human social relations or group of life, there is a natural involvement of disciplines that goes right with the study of sociology including the economics, political science, and psychology because they all fall within the topic of human society. Goffman, presented the theory that suggests that individuals engage in a significant amount of expressive manipulation along several fronts. Goffman likened his ideas to a theatre because â€Å"individuals are, in essence, dramatic actors on a stage playing parts dictated by culture† and this is the goal of such a presentation is acceptance from the audience through manipulation. If the actor succeeds, then they will be viewed as they desired by the audience. Goffman argues that the key to this success is to control which information the audience has access to (Goffman, 1959). Unlike the sociological theories wherein the individuals are linked with the disciplines early states, Goffman’s dramaturgical model outlines the existence of the human’s perspective on the stages where as an actor he usually plays. Giddens (2009) suggests that front regions are situations where individuals act out formal roles, essentially when they are ‘on-stage’. Performances in front regions often require teamwork in order to be successful. Impression management also occurs in the front regions as the actor is trying to give the audience certain impressions of himself. Goffman suggests that â€Å"when an individual appears before others, he will have many m otives for trying to control the situation†. In contrast, back regions (of the stage) are where individuals or performance teams prepare themselves for their roles. Goffman implies that it is where teams discuss and rehearse their performance before they enter the front stage. Props can also be used to aid an actor in their performance and they are assembled in the back region. These props assist an actor in convincing the audience that their performance is true. For example, a waitress in a restaurant would use a notepad and paper to take an order, to help convince her audience (customers) that her performance is true. Goffman indicated that the two regions are connected by a â€Å"guarded passageway†. This stops public performances being shattered by an inadvertent look from an audience member. If an individual’s performance is weak, the audience will see through it. â€Å"The phenomenon of embarrassment is where the actor acts ineffectually or is unable to su stain their expected role. This leads to them being excluded from full participation in society, which demonstrates the importance of maintaining the appearance of being a competent social actor. The dramaturgical models value in theorizing social roles and relations in contemporary society is open to discussion. Goffman’s ideas are praised for having had a â€Å"profound influence† on sociology as a discipline. On his book, it clearly states that Goffman uses the dramaturgical metaphor as his contribution in the field of sociology. He acknowledges the most stimulating and thought-provoking contributions to sociology which made the sociologists today refer to his work, especially for examples on how to carry out micro sociological work.

Management accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management accounting - Assignment Example The following discussion shows how the Management Accounting information assists the management of a company. Planning This involves looking ahead and preparing future courses of action that need to be followed. Managers devise a systematic programme regarding future courses of action. Planning is selection of the best way or alternative of performing various managerial functions in an organization. Management accounting information is very vital in planning management function (Demski 2008). The basic objective of a company is to ensure that the company is profitable by creating competitive advantage in regard to prices as well as market expansion. In choosing any alternative the company management must consider its potential benefits and its underlying costs against the company resources. Management accounting information is important in projecting profits in new established markets. The required information includes profit margins, sales volumes and costs in firms operating in sim ilar markets. This information is combined with projected sales. Most companies express their management plans based on the management accounting information formally in budgets. Budgeting is considered a core part of the planning process. Controlling Controlling management function in a company ensures that the planned alternative is being followed. It is important to note that feedback plays an important role indicating the effectiveness of control in a company. Management accounting information is used when comparing the budgeted results and its actual results mainly referred to as performance report. This report shows whether the company is operating as planned as well as pointing out areas that need some attention. The management accounting information used for comparison includes sales profits, sales volume and the expenses. In cases where the targets are not met then the company management establish the next relevant course of action strategy hence the need for a revised plan by the top management. According to Hermanson (2010) the management accounting information plays a significant role in providing the relevant feedback in regard to company progression and performance (Hermanson 2010). The feedback is mainly used as a control tool in regard to the company operations through the comparison of the actual and the budgeted results. Decision making Decision making is one of the core functions of management which is a continuous process. Company management obtains the relevant management information and various costs calculation (Demski 2008). The obtained management accounting information is used in establishing and developing the best decisions at all the levels of the organization. The information that is used mainly indicates how a company is effectively conducts its operations. The management makes use and exploits the information in the management and its underlying leadership skills in its underlying decision making processes. The management accoun ting information is essential in a company making key decisions in the operational and the production processes. The role of management accounting is to provide key relevant information which is used in making decision within a company. Communicating In addition to the above management functions, company management oversees the company operations on daily and long-term basis thus ensuring that the company is op

Art Events Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Art Events - Assignment Example The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci is famously recognized paintings in history. It shows the story of the last supper of Jesus with his disciples. The painting is remarkable as it depicts the disciples as real human beings. In the painting, Leonardo tried to use new materials due to the thought that it would result in an extensively varied palette. In his work, Leonardo sought to illuminate the painting beyond what could traditional fresco give. He thus used unreal fresco as he was working on a dry wall. Borrowing, from the panel painting, he applied a white lead to improving on the brightness of the tempera and oil he had used on top. In conclusion, the two paintings from the two periods have certain differences that portray cultural change. The Annunciation painting has medieval painting styles. It included panel painting, illuminated manuscripts, sculpture, and fresco. Even though Leonardo used the fresco, it was not real forcing him to apply a white lead to improving the bright ness of the painting. In the period, which started in the late middle ages, European continent started evolving into big states controlled by monarchies. The Italian urban centers expanded due to growth of population and expansion of trade. Land paved way for money as the means of exchange thus freeing the serfs. The changes brought cultural, social, and economic changes. Literacy increased leading to the expansion of vernacular literatures that led people to adopt secular themes in their arts. The growth of wealth.

Oedipus Tyrannus through Freuds eyes Essay Example for Free

Oedipus Tyrannus through Freuds eyes Essay Oedipus Tyrannus is deemed as Sophocless magnum opus and is undoubtedly the most famous of all Greek tragedies. Aristotle went to the extent of calling it a perfect play. It was first performed in around 425 b. c. , only just after a plague that had wreaked havoc on Athens, Oedipus Tyrannus was set in Thebes, a city which was also facing the same catastrophe. King Oedipus was informed by the Creon, the brother of Oedipuss wife, Jocasta that the city will remain a sufferer unless and until the slayer of the previous king is convicted. Oedipus promised to discover the killers identity and to prosecute him. Ignorant of the fact that he himself was the murderer, Oedipus unremittingly trailed the truth until he found his own guiltiness and blinded himself so he might never catch the sight of his father in the afterworld. A Freudian analysis of Sophocles Oedipus Rex (the King) would point out that Oedipus truly had an incestuous nature. This was exposed not only by Oedipus marriage to his own mother, by whom he had children, but also by his unreasonable preference for his daughters, Antigone and Ismene. While the attention he showed to his daughters was profound and braced with sexuality, he dismissed his sons as creatures who are able to look after themselves. Although he was unconsciously attracted to his daughters, he also had this fear in his mind that his daughters would become pariah and will be unable to marry. Freud thought that all the men since birth harbor not a natural repugnance to incest, but the contrary which is an instinctive sexual attraction to the mother. He says, â€Å"[The experiences of psychoanalysis] have taught . . that the first sexual impulses of the young are regularly of an incestuous nature† (Totem and Taboo, p. 160). He also emphasized that each male anchorage undecided feelings towards their fathers. But surely I must fear my mothers bed? (Oedipus Tyrannus, line 576) When Oedipus throws this question to his wife Jocasta, he is totally oblivious of the profundity of his words. The Messenger has just informed him about the murder of King Polybos of Corinth, Oedipus’ supposed father. Now free in his mind from the intimidation of Apollo’s foretell that he would kill his father, Oedipus here desires to validate with his wife that, as his hypothetical mother (the queen of Corinth) is still living, he must still look into that for fear that he sleep with her, as the oracle also foretold. But his words touch a more primary issue: Why is the forecast that he will sleep with his mother so horribly threatening and vile? Oedipus is actually calmed and contented about the natural death of his supposed father Polybos, as in his mind this frees him from the concern that he will someday kill his father. Freud had suggested an interesting explanation of the source of the taboos against incest and parent murder. In the primitive civilization, people lived in groups dominated by the most powerful male, the father, who hold a sexual monopoly over the group. When each of his sons grew to an age where he would challenge the fathers supremacy in order to get a part of the action, so to challenge, the fathers forced them to leave the group. After so many sons had been so treated like this, they resolute to cooperate in order to remove from power their father and get hold of the females, their mothers, for themselves. With their collective strength, they killed the fathers. In civilized society, Freud observed, proscription against such crimes go unsaid, but this is not evidence that we no longer harbor such wishes. The conscience of mankind which now appears as an inherited mental force was acquired in connection with the Oedipus complex. However, from Sophocles text, it would seem that Oedipus does everything in his power to avert these two crimes. Freud too examines the play from this vantage point although, under the novel concept of unconscious motivation, moral condemnation gives way. Freud’s perspective added another dimension to previous simplistic disputes as to whether an action was freely willed, and thus subject to moral injunction, or determined by fate. Freudian intentionality implied that there were actions which, though not intended (consciously), nevertheless were compulsive enactments of inner latent wishes (Hamilton 1993, p. 209).

Your Networks Logical and Physical Design :: Networks Software Technology Essays

Your Network's Logical and Physical Design Contents 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planning a Logical Network Design 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planning and Design Components 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Physical Network 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planning Resources Article Description Scott Mueller and Terry Ogletree talk about your network's logical and physical design, including planning and components of a logical network design, the physical network, and planning resources. From the Book Upgrading and Repairing Networks, 4th Edition $53.99 (Save 10%) Some of the Main Topics in this Chapter Are †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planning a Logical Network Design †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planning and Design Components †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Physical Network †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planning Resources Many types of networks were discussed in Chapter 1, "A Short History of Computer Networking," from ARCnet to TCP/IP. And in Chapter 2, "Overview of Network Topologies," you learned about the various topologies you can employ when designing and creating a local area network (LAN), and we also looked at some scenarios in which several networks were connected to form a wide area network (WAN). In this chapter, we will look at another aspect of creating a network: the network's logical and physical design. The physical aspects of your LAN will depend on the underlying physical transport technology—Ethernet or Token-Ring, for example, or possibly ATM, which is now supported in products such as Windows 2000/XP and Server 2003 as a LAN protocol. Depending on which technology you use, there will be one or more LAN topologies from which to choose. NOTE Although there are other LAN technologies, such as ARCnet and Novell's IPX/SPX, these are basically legacy products that are no longer being deployed in newer networks. For example, ARCnet is now used mostly in vertical-market applications (such as on the factory floor, or for point-of-sale cash registers). If you don't need the features that TCP/IP provides, and don't need an Internet connection, then these older protocols may be a good solution for your network. Novell's NetWare products, while allowing for backward compatibility with the IPX/SPX protocol, have finally caught up with the times, and new installations will more than likely use the IP protocol. Other protocols, such as Microsoft's LAN Manager, are used only in older networks. If you are still using older proprietary protocols, you should consider upgrading to TCP/IP, which is now the de facto standard, from the worldwide Internet down to the LAN. Before you can begin to design a physical network, however, you first must determine your needs. What services must you provide to your user community? What are the resources you'll need? If you have to compromise, what will it take to satisfy the most users or to provide the more important services?

To Prepare a Report

Restaurant Management System Database Project Report Submitted by: UROOSA RASHID Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Jinnah University for Women 5-C Nazimabad, Karachi 74600 1. Introduction 1. 1 Project Overview This paper outlines a project proposal from the Pakistan Food Restaurant to create a sustainable income stream. This project will help Pakistan Food Restaurant to earn part of the money to support and ensure its future. It is being undertaken by us because it covers various aspects of restaurant management system and makes it easy to access the information about the restaurant management system. . 2 Aims and Objectives:The Restaurant Management System project will meet the following objectives: 0 It records the information of customers. 1 It records the information and quantity of orders made by customers along with date. 2 It records the price of food. 3 It will keep records of employees of the restaurant 4 It will also keep record of raw materials, sup plies and vendors. 1. 3 Project Scope:This project will keep record of all food items of the restaurant. It also records the information of customers along with all the orders made by them. The orders are recorded according to the date.Computerized receipt is given to the customer with the details of the order and bill. Whenever a customer comes first time then he/she must register him/her self at the counter. Next time the customer comes he/she will not need to register at the counter; there will be already an existing record of that customer. 1. 4 List of Tables and Description :Project consists of following tables: * Customers * Orders * Orderline * Items * Raw material * Supplies * Vendors * Bills * Employees * Chef * Accountant * WaiterDescription of tables: * Customers table consists of ustomer ID, name, Address, Last visit date of customer. It keeps the records of customers. * Orders table keep records of number of orders placed by customers along with OrderID, Order name, Or der date, Order time. * Orderline table consists of quantity of orders. * Items table consists of list of food items along with their type, cost, ID. * Raw materials table consists of list of raw materials used to make food items along with Material ID, type, Expiry date and Stock date. * Supplies table consists of Quantity, Supply date, Supply time and cost of raw materials provided by vendors/suppliers. Vendors Table consists of VendorID, name, contact number, status of the vendors of the restaurant. * Bills table consists of Receipt no. , cash received, items purchased and total amount of the customers. * Employees table consist of the complete information of the employees of the restaurant. It consists of employee ID, name, address, postal code, contact number, salary, hire date of the employees. * Chef table consists of the speciality of the chefs of the restaurant. * Accountants table consists of the qualification of the accountants of the restaurant. * Waiter table consists o f the job description of the waiters. 1. 5 Project Features: Main features of the project are: * Complete Inventory from sale of food items and drinks. * Details of purchases are also maintained. * Reports for all items in stock as well as items to be ordered. * Complete information of employees along with their contact number and ID. * Details of previous orders by a customer. * Computerized receipt generation process. 2. System Design 2. 1 Data Flow Diagram Context Diagram Amount paid Bills Customer Order sent back Placed order Receipt passed 0 Ordering system Received order Items Available Placing order 1. 0Choosing from items menu Level 0 Items Customer Order report Availability of orders 2. 0 Processing order Bills details to customers Payment by customer Payment process 3. 0 Payment for the order Payment receipt and order Bills 3. ER-Diagram: 4. Snapshots: 5. SQL Portion: create database Restaurant use Restaurant 5. 1 Query for Table ‘customers’ : create table cus tomers(name nchar(20) not null,customer_id int not null primary key,last_visit_date int not null,address varchar(10) null) insert into customers(customer_id,name,address,last_visit_date) values(1,'Ahmed Ali','6th Floor,Ambadeep Building,No. 4, K. G. Marg, New Delhi -110001†²,'4/29/2009†²) 5. 2 Query for Table ‘employees’ : create table employees(employee_id int not null primary key,name nchar(20) not null,hire_date datetime not null,postal_code int not null,employee_address nvarchar(30) null,contact_no int null,salary money not null,designation char(20) not null) insert into employees(employee_id,name, salary,employee_address, hire_date,postal_code, contact_no) values(1,'Abdul Baseer','5,000. 00†²,'AJC Bose Road, Business Tower, 7th Floor,Block A;B,Kolkata-700017†²,'8/5/2008†²,'75200†²,'021-35835956†²) . 3 Query for Table ‘orders’ : create table orders(order_id int not null primary key,number_of_orders int not null,order_d ate datetime not null,order_time datetime not null,total_cost money not null,customer_id int not null,employee_id int not null,constraint cust_id foreign key(customer_id) references customers(customer_id), constraint emp_id foreign key(employee_id) references employees(employee_id)) insert into orders(order_id,number_of_orders,order_date,order_time,total_cost) values(1,'1†²,'7/20/2010†²,'6:05:00 PM','250†²) 5. 4 Query for Table ‘items’ : reate table items(item_id int not null primary key,item_type nchar(10) not null,item_name nchar(20) not null,cost money not null) insert into items(item_id,item_name,item_type,cost) values(1,'Chicken ; Corn soup','Soup','$110. 00†²) 5. 5 Query for Table ‘bills’ : create table bills(receipt_no int not null,items_purchased int not null,total_amount money not null,cash_received money not null,cash_returned money not null) insert intobills(receipt_no,items_purchased,total_amount, cash_received, cash_returned ) values(1,'4†²,'$100. 0†²,'$100. 00†²,'$0. 00†²) 5. 6 Query for Table ‘vendors’ : create table vendors(vendor_id int not null primary key,name nchar(10) not null,vendor_status nchar(20) not null 5. 7 Query for Table ‘raw_material’ : create table raw_material(material_id int not null primary key,material_name char(25) not null,material_type char(20) not null,quantity int not null,cost money not null,expirydate datetime not null,stock_date datetime not null,item_id int not null, constraint it_id foreign key(item_id) references items(item_id)) nsert into raw_material(material_id,material_name,expiry_date,material_type, stock_date) values(1,'Ground beef','5/16/2013†²,'MEAT','7/31/2012†²) 5. 8 Query for Table ‘supplies’ : create table supplies(supply_date datetime not null,supply_time datetime not null,quantity nchar not null,cost money not null,material_id int not null,vendor_id int not null,constraint mt_id foreign k ey(material_id) references raw_material(material_id),constraint v_id foreign key(vendor_id) references vendors(vendor_id)) insert into supplies(supply_date,supply_time,quantity,cost) alues(‘4/1/2012†²,'11:00:00 AM','40','$10,000. 00†²) 5. 9 Query for Table ‘order_line’ : create table order_line(quantity int not null,order_id int not null,item_id int not null,constraint od_id foreign key(order_id) references orders(order_id),constraint itm_id foreign key(item_id) references items(item_id)) 6. Ms Access Portion: Queries : 6. 1 Receipt query: SELECT Bills. [Receipt number], Bills. [Items purchased], Bills. [Total Amount], Bills. [Cash Received], Bills. [Cash Returned], Bills. [Customer ID], Bills. [A_employee no] FROM BillsWHERE (((Bills. [Customer ID])=[â€Å"Enter Customer ID†])); 6. 2 Employees query: SELECT employees. [Employee ID], employees. Name, employees. Salary, employees. Address, employees. [Hire date], employees. [Postal code], employees . [contact number] FROM employees WHERE (((employees. Salary) Between [â€Å"starting salary†] And [â€Å"Ending Salary†])); 6. 3 Orders of customers query: SELECT customers. [Customer ID] AS [customers_Customer ID], customers. Name, customers. address, customers. [Last visit date], orders. [Order ID], orders. [number of orders], orders. order date], orders. [order time], orders. [Customer ID] AS [orders_Customer ID], orders. [Employee ID] FROM customers INNER JOIN orders ON customers. [Customer ID] = orders. [Customer ID] WHERE (((customers. Name)=[â€Å"Enter name:†])); 6. 4 Items query: SELECT Items. [Item ID], Items. Name, Items. Type, Items. Cost FROM Items WHERE (((Items. Type)=[â€Å"Enter type of item†])); 6. 5 Orders query: SELECT orders. [Order ID], orders. [number of orders], orders. [order date], orders. [order time], orders. [Customer ID], orders. [Employee ID] FROM orders WHERE (((orders. order date]) Between [â€Å"Starting date†] An d [â€Å"Ending date†])); 6. 6 Invoice query: SELECT Supplies. Cost, Supplies. [Quantity(kg)], Supplies. [Supply date], Supplies. [Supply time], Supplies. [Vendor ID], Supplies. [Material ID], [Quantity(kg)]*[Cost] AS total FROM Supplies; 7. Data Dictionary: 7. 1 Table Employees: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| employee_id| int| * | | Not null| | name| nchar| | | Not null| 20| salary| money| | | Not null| | employee_address| nvarchar| | | Null| 30| hire date| datetime| | | Not null| | ostal_code| int| | | Not null| | contact_no| int| | | Null| | designation| nchar| | | Not null| 20| 7. 2 Table customers: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| customer_id| int| * | | Not null| | name| nchar| | | Not null| 20| last_visit_date| int| | | Not null| | Address| varchar| | | Null| 10| 7. 3 Table orders: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| order_id| int| * | | Not null| | number_of_orders| int| | | No t null| | order_date| datetime| | | Not null| | order_time| datetime| | | Not null| | otal_cost| money| | | Not null| | customer_id| int| | * | Not null| | employee_id| int| | * | Not null| | 7. 4 Table bills: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| receipt_no| int| * | | Not null| | items_purchased| int| | | Not null| | total_amount| money| | | Not null| | cash_received| money| | | Not null| | cash_returned| money| | | Not null| | Customer_ID| int| | * | Not null| | A_employee no| int| | * | Not null| | 7. 5 Table Items: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| item_id| int| * | | Not null| | tem_type| nchar| | | Not null| 10| item_name| nchar| | | Not null| 20| cost| money| | | Not null| | 7. 6 Table raw materials: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| material_id| Int| * | | Not null| | material_name| char| | | Not null| 25| material_type| char| | | Not null| 20| expirydate| datetime| | | Not null| | stock_d ate| datetime| | | Not null| | item_id| int| | * | Not null| | 7. 7 Table vendors: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| vendor_id| int| * | | Not null| | name| nchar| | | Not null| 10| endor_status| nchar| | | Not null| 20| contact_no| int| | | null| | 7. 8 Table supplies: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| supply_date| datetime| | | Not null| | supply_time| datetime| | | Not null| | quantity| nchar| | | Not null| 10| cost| money| | | Not null| | material_id| int| | * | Not null| | vendor_id| int| | * | Not null| | 7. 9 Table orderline: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| quantity| int| | | Not null| | order_id| int| | * | Not null| | item_id| int| | * | Not null| |

A Brief and Simple Analysis of Chapter Two of Grendel

(Beginning in paragraph two of Chapter 2, and continuing throughout the chapter, Grendel describes how he used to be as a child. How does this description compare or contrast with the behavior of the humans when they are fully-grown? ) In chapter two of Grendel, John Gardner takes the readers into a deeper aspect of Grendel’s life. Most specifically, this chapter revolves around the childhood life of Grendel. Readers are able to access the mind of Grendel as a child, through a chapter that is almost entirely structured as a flashback to the situation that, arguably, may have transformed the typical ‘kid’ into the man-eating beast one was introduced to in Beowulf. However, Grendel isn’t to blame for his future actions, for his entire existence was tarnished when his young, impressionable mind was altered. Grendel’s innocence as a child was robbed, as with all children, when a new understanding of the world’s harshness was grasped. It almost seems, however, that Grendel’s behavior as a child is mirrored in the â€Å"fully-grown and adult† humans he despises so much. Throughout the chapter, Grendel seems to place himself on a risen, intellectual pedestal, with the humans he deems childish roaming blindly and stupidly hopeful far below. As observed through history, the Anglo Saxons were a war like people, with religious seafaring clans that pledged themselves to an invisible greater-power and who traveled far and wide in their seafaring explorations. These traits are identical to Grendel’s memories about his childhood, â€Å"I used to play games when I was young†¦. explored our far-flung underground world†¦.. an endless wargame of leaps†¦whispered plotting with invisible friends†¦childish games†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . When Grendel looks out to the humans, he can’t help but recognize his own childhood ways in their lifestyle. The humans’ endless praying and constant adventure is laughable in Grendel’s eyes because it reminds him of his own past existence before his hope and innocence were tarnished by the daunting reality of an unpromising life. Grendel’s attacks may not have been to hurt the humans for the heck of it, but rather, Grendel may have seen it as helping the humans into escaping an oblivious life, just as the humans did to Grendel when he was a child. It may be here that Grendel’s anger arises; Grendel absolutely knows his childhood was robbed from him, and it becomes his duty to enlighten the stupidly arrogant humans to recognize their true existence as well. The humans, as we all know well to much, seem to be stuck in an endlessly spinning cycle of pointlessness and Grendel is the third person outsider who wants to bring upon the harsh reality of life. On page seventeen, Grendel states â€Å"the shocking separateness from me in my mother’s eyes†¦. [I would] hurl myself at my mother†¦comforted, I would gradually ease back out into my games. †. Grendel’s feelings of uneasiness and misunderstandings are eased almost immediately with a hug from his mother, consoled with the love and connection of another. As an adult, Grendel almost despises such comfort, growing obviously angry with the immediate comfort of the humans with the passing of a clan member with the simple thoughts of unification and the extension of life. Grendel lost that sense of spirituality and companionship, and seems to deem it childish and almost unnecessary as an adult. We see Grendel as an independent being in Beowulf, and his murders are controlled in an area where companionship and joy are absolute and strong; the mead hall. It is more than a coincidence that Grendel chose to destroy the heart of the Anglo Saxon community, for he wished to destroy the hearts of the people. His continuation of destruction for what were the next twelve years were not because he enjoyed the killing and eating of the men (because it was stated that he didn’t) but because he realized that the hopefulness and unification of the community would not back down. Grendel’s own childish ways are exhibited here, for he continues his persistence until he can no longer. In Grendel’s eyes, Grendel is a monster who, almost as the Anglo Saxons believed, has grown wiser and more knowledgeable with the endless spinning of life he so ardently chooses to misinterpret. In chapter two, Grendel fixes himself far from the humans that he seems to understand so fully. In fact, Grendel himself is a child who lost his innocence and optimism so abruptly that he didn’t recognize it. Grendel is angry and jealous of the humans because he sees in them the traits that he possessed when his life posed meaning. Grendel became a nihilist, to some extent, because he decided to reject the life and being he was becoming. He instead chose to isolate himself so dangerously from his feelings that he had no other option but to inevitably give in to what he thought he should become. Upon the arrival of his death, Grendel was experiencing was seemed to be a type of mid-life crisis that developed from his childhood, or rather because of its absence.

Picassos Guitars and the Birth of Synthetic Cubism

Picassos Guitars and the Birth of Synthetic Cubism Anne Umland, curator in the department of painting and sculpture, and her assistant Blair Hartzell, have organized a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to study Picassos 1912-14 Guitar series in one beautiful installation. This team assembled 85 works from over 35 public and private collections; a heroic feat indeed. Why Picassos Guitar Series? Most art historians credit the Guitar series as the definitive transition from Analytic to Synthetic Cubism. However, the guitars launched so much more. After a slow and careful examination of all the collages and constructions, it is clear that the Guitar series (which includes a few violins as well) crystallized Picassos brand of Cubism. The series establishes a repertoire of signs that remained active in the artists visual vocabulary through the Parade sketches and into the Cubo-Surrealist works of the 1920s. When Did the Guitar Series Begin? We dont know exactly when the Guitar series began. The collages include snippets of newspapers dated to November and December 1912. Black and white photographs of Picassos studio on the Boulevard Raspail, published in Les Soirà ©es de Paris, no. 18 (November 1913), show the cream-colored construction paper guitar surrounded by numerous collages and drawings of guitars or violins set up side by side on one wall. Picasso gave his 1914 metal Guitar to the Museum of Modern Art in 1971. At that time, the director of paintings and drawings, William Rubin, believed that the maquette (model) cardboard guitar dated to the early part of 1912. (The museum acquired the maquette in 1973, after Picassos death, in accordance with his wishes.) During the preparation for the huge Picasso and Braque: Pioneering Cubism exhibition in 1989, Rubin shifted the date to October 1912. Art historian Ruth Marcus agreed with Rubin in her 1996 article on the Guitar series, which convincingly explains the transitional significance of the series. The current MoMA exhibition sets the date for the maquette at October to December 1912. How Do We Study the Guitar Series? The best way to study the Guitar series is to notice two things: the wide variety of media and the repertoire of repeated shapes that mean different things within different contexts. The collages integrate real substances such as wallpaper, sand, straight pins, ordinary string, brand labels, packaging, musical scores, and newspaper with the artists drawn or painted versions of the same or similar objects. The combination of elements broke with traditional two-dimensional art practices, not only in terms of incorporating such humble materials but also because these materials referred to modern life in the streets, in the studios, and in the cafà ©s. This interplay of real-world items mirrors the integration of contemporary street imagery in his friends avant-garde poetry, or what Guillaume Apollinaire called la nouveautà © poà ©sie (novelty poetry) - an early form of Pop Art. Another Way to Study the Guitars The second way to study the Guitar series requires a scavenger hunt for Picassos repertoire of shapes that appear in most of the works. The MoMA exhibition provides an excellent opportunity to cross-check references and contexts. Together, the collages and Guitar constructions seem to reveal the artists internal conversation: his criteria and his ambitions. We see the various short-hand signs to indicate objects or body parts migrate from one context to another, reinforcing and shifting meanings with only the context as a guide. For example, the curvy side of a guitar in one work resembles the curve of a mans ear along his head in another. A circle may indicate a guitars sound hole in one section of the collage and a bottles bottom in another. Or a circle can be the top of the bottles cork and simultaneously resemble a top hat neatly positioned on a mustached gentlemans face. Ascertaining this repertory of shapes helps us understand the synecdoche in Cubism (those little shapes that indicate the whole in order to say: here is a violin, here is a table, here is a glass and here is a human being). This repertoire of signs developed during the Analytic Cubism Period became simplified shapes of this Synthetic Cubism Period. The Guitar Constructions Explain Cubism The  Guitar  constructions made of cardboard paper (1912) and sheet metal (1914) clearly demonstrate the formal considerations of  Cubism. As Jack Flam wrote in Cubiquitous, a better word for Cubism would have been Planarism, since the artists conceptualized reality in terms of the different faces or planes of an object (front, back, top, bottom, and sides) depicted on one surface a.k.a. simultaneity. Picasso explained the collages to the sculptor Julio Gonzales: It would have sufficed to cut them up the colors, after all, being no more than indications of differences in perspective, of planes inclined one way or the other and then assemble them according to the indications given by the color, in order to be confronted with a sculpture. (Roland Penrose,  The Life and Work of Picasso, third edition, 1981, p.265) The  Guitar  constructions occurred as Picasso worked on the collages. The flat planes deployed on flat surfaces became flat planes projecting from the wall in a three-dimension arrangement located in real space. Daniel-Henri Kahnweiler, Picassos dealer at the time, believed that the  Guitar  constructions were based on the artists Grebo masks, which he acquired in August 1912. These three-dimensional objects represent the eyes as cylinders projecting from the flat surface of the mask, as indeed Picassos  Guitar  constructions represent the sound hole as a cylinder projecting from the body of the guitar. Andrà © Salmon inferred in  La jeune sculpture franà §aise  that Picasso looked at contemporary toys, such as a tiny tin fish suspended in a circle of tin ribbon that represented the fish swimming in its bowl. William Rubin suggested in his catalogue for the Picasso and Braque show of 1989 that airplane gliders captured Picassos imagination. (Picasso called Braque Wilbur, after one of the Wright brothers, whose historic flight took place on December 17, 1903. Wilbur had just died on May 30, 1912. Orville died on January 30, 1948.) From Traditional to Avant-garde Sculpture Picassos Guitar constructions broke with the continuous skin of conventional sculpture. In his 1909  Head  (Fernande), a bumpy, lumpy contiguous series of planes represent the hair and face of the woman he loved at this time. These planes are positioned in such a manner to maximize the reflection of light on certain surfaces, similar to the depicted planes illuminated by light in Analytic Cubist paintings. These lit surfaces become colorful surfaces in the collages. The cardboard  Guitar  construction depends on flat planes. It is composed of only 8 parts: the front and back of the guitar, a box for its body, the sound hole (which looks like the cardboard cylinder inside a roll of toilet paper), the neck (which curves upward like an elongated trough), a triangle pointing down to indicate the guitars head and a short folded paper near the triangle threaded with guitar strings. Ordinary strings strung vertically, represent the guitar strings, and laterally (in a comically droopy way) represent the frets. A semi-circular piece, attached to the bottom of the maquette represents a table top location for the guitar and completes the original appearance of the work. The cardboard  Guitar  and the sheet metal Guitar seem to simultaneously represent the inside and outside of the real instrument. El Guitare During the spring of 1914, the art critic Andrà © Salmon wrote: I have seen what no man has seen before in Picassos studio. Leaving aside painting for the moment, Picasso built this immense guitar out of sheet metal with parts that could be given to any idiot in the universe who on his own might put the object together as well as the artist himself. More phantasmagorical than Fausts laboratory, this studio (which certain people might claim had no art in the conventional sense of the term) was furnished with the newest of objects. All the visible forms surrounding me appeared absolutely new. I had never seen such new things before. I didnt even know what a new object could be.Some visitors, already shocked by the things that they saw covering the walls, refused to call these objects paintings (because they were made of oil-cloth, packing paper and newspaper). They pointed a condescending finger at the object of Picassos clever pains, and said: What is it? Does you put it on a pedestal? Does you hang it on a wall? Is it painting or is it sculpture? Picasso dressed in the blue of a Parisian worker responded in his finest Andalusian voice: Its nothing. Its  el guitare!And there you have it! The watertight compartments of art are demolished. We are now liberated from painting and sculpture just as we were liberated from the idiotic tyranny of academic genres. Its no longer this or that. Its nothing. Its  el guitare!

James Stimson and Walter Lippman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

James Stimson and Walter Lippman - Essay Example On the other hand, Walter Lipmann views political changes and drafting laws as people who have their own limited areas of thinking tanks and social setups and they are bound innately by behavior to share and act within those social gatherings precisely. Therefore, he considers lawful bodies as apart from those people and they make laws workable with reference to those limited think tanks of their own. Therefore our values, ideas, and opinions have different boundaries and cannot be directly observed. All these diverse thoughts and opinions must be stacked together into a synchronized output. He further stresses on the fact that whatever is heard and not witnessed, is subjective leading to the personal observation of events. Furthermore, even the visual happening may contain sustainable errors of viewing and presenting the truth. This largely depends on the size of the crowd as the number of person increase, the actual event or word will be displaced as many times as the number of peo ple passing and commenting on it increases. Its accuracy and reliability decrease. Moreover, the facts are actually the happenings that what we want to see and are largely dependent on our emotional, psychological and situational implications. According to Walter, only a specialized class of individuals can act as consultants who are to resolve many of the problems whereas the representative government has nothing to do with it. The government if it has to operate set standards for providing basic necessities.... Therefore our values, ideas and opinions have differing boundaries and cannot be directly observed. All these diverse thoughts and opinions must be stacked together in to a synchronized output. He further stresses on the fact that whatever is heard and not witnessed, is subjective leading to personal observation of events. Furthermore even the visual happening may contain sustainable errors of viewing and presenting the truth. This largely depends on the size of crowd as the number of persons increase, the actual event or word will be displaced as many times as the number of people passing and commenting on it increases. Its accuracy and reliability decreases. Moreover the facts are actually the happenings that what we want to see and are largely dependent on our emotional, psychological and situational implications. According to Walter, only a specialized class of individuals can act as consultants who are to resolve many of the problems whereas the representative government has not hing to do with it. The government if it has to operate set standards for providing basic necessities and draws a border line standard limit to access its performance which according to him is a concern of very few people. James Stimson gave his own view on public opinion that changes and shapes American politics. He says that the political change is clustered at margin on the basis of which he gave different factual and objective assessment theories and concepts to support his views, whereas Walter Lipmann differentiates between the true facts and the picture of human as a result or impression driven by those facts and the actual action of human of the picture. James thinks that if a dramatic critical change is subdued then it’s a game play of

What dose future hold for organanized labor in the u.s commercial Research Paper

What dose future hold for organanized labor in the u.s commercial aviation industry - Research Paper Example The decline in organized labor was to such an extent that by the beginning of the 21st century, it represented less than 10% of private sector workers although in the public sector organized labor still represented about 35% of all workers. In 2005, there was another setback to organized labor, when two of America’s most powerful unions – SEIU and Teamsters – resigned from AFL-CIO. The commercial aviation industry has been undergoing several setbacks due to rising prices for jet fuel, increasing uneasiness about the legacy carriers moving towards bankruptcy which can disrupt the market place, and issues such as public liability potential for unfounded pensions of major carriers (ENO, 2005). Strategies in the commercial aviation and airlines industry has been evolving based on two factors – growing concern for passenger safety and ever increasing and changing consumer demands and expectations (Appelbaum & Fewster, 2003). The strategy thus has to focus on ho w the HR department aligns the activities, policies and procedures with the employee and labor relations. Despite these challenges, passengers traveling by air is on the rise and is expected to double by 2025 (ENO, 2005). The aircraft operations are expected to triple which implies that public confidence in safety is back to normal. It is feared that public safety may be taken for granted in the future, which could lead to under funding of safety measures. It is very important that Air Traffic Management (ATM) system handles the growing congestion in the skies efficiently and safely. However, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the past two decades had failed to bring about significant improvement. There are inefficiencies built into the current labor contracts within the airline labor unions. According to a union representative the airline management cannot ‘plead temporary insanity’ regarding the